Environmental Determinism Related to Ancient Greece, Rome...

Environmental determinism essentially means where you live has a direct correlation with how you live. Countries that need to focus on hunting and gathering cannot focus on other aspects of their society like military power, religion, technology and education. Geographic luck is another factor of environmental determinism. Geographic luck means that people have strong advantages to their lives because of where they currently live. Environmental determinism allowed countries to grow their military power and allowed them to enhance their weaponry, which was shown during the Peloponnesian War, the Punic Wars and the Viking Invasions. During the period of Ancient Greece, the Peloponnesian War showed military changes because of†¦show more content†¦The city state of Syracuse in Sicily was allied with Sparta and when they attacked a tribe called the Leontini, Cleon chose to help fight back. He chose to fight against Syracuse for the reason that he wanted to weaken the Spartans bec ause their grain supply came from Syracuse. The Spartans used Cleon’s over-aggressiveness against him, by setting up a Spartan colony named Heraclea right near Athens. This forced Athens to make a decision of sending its troops to Syracuse and getting attacked in Athens, or not attacking Syracuse altogether. This goes back to environmental determinism again, because generals such as Brasidas of Sparta was able to come up with this plan, because the Spartans had a growing and strong enough colony that they did not need to focus on hunting and gathering and could focus on military matters. Focusing on military matters helped the Spartans again when the Athenians attacked the city state Boetia. This was important for the Athenians, because Boetia was a short distance away from them and did not want to get attacked, as well as they needed morale boost because they were losing the war, however the Spartans outsmarted them. When the Athenians were attacking and the fight seemed to be over, Boetia brought out their two hidden lines of cavalrymen and encircled the Athenians, and thenShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesWineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History

The Deployment Of Economic Sanctions On The International...

The deployment of economic sanctions on the international stage by states to influence the behavior of other states has become the norm in International Relations. Despite the increase in popularity of this practice over the course of the past century, the question of its efficiency is one that is still debated and remains unanswered. The idea that putting economic pressures on a country to illicit a certain behavior or change in behavior from that country works in theory, but in practice, it is more complicated and does not necessarily work the way that theory suggests it should. Some economists and policy analysts have taken the approach of deconstructing the subject in order to consider what variable may or may not affect the efficiency†¦show more content†¦Positive sanctions are meant to foster relations between countries. Negative sanctions are intended to cause another country economic harm. The debate around economic sanctions typically focuses on the negative kind. S anctions can be unilateral - from one sender country to one target country - or multilateral from multiple countries. Multilateral sanctions can be orchestrated by one main country supported by other countries, or they can be sent under the auspices of an international organization. Raul Caruso distinguishes three different kinds of negative sanctions – boycotts, embargoes, and Kassim 3 financial sanctions. A boycott is the restriction of imports from the target country; embargoes are restrictions on exports to the target country; financial sanctions are restrictions on investment in the target country (Caruso â€Å"Should We Set† 23). Kaempfer and Lowenberg posit that economic sanctions can be proposed for the following three reasons: in response to a nation that threatens the wealth or security of the sender nation; to achieve moral or ideological goals; as a part of trade policy and commercial relations – i.e. in response to tariffs or quotas (Kaempfer 2). The question of whether or not sanctions are efficient is a difficult one to answer. A major contributing factor to this difficulty is the lack of a universal standard for gauging success. Analysts create the criteria by which to judge success, and these criteria are not accepted by

Freedom Is For The Braves - 872 Words

Freedom is For the Braves Being an American means more than just a section filled out on a person’s birth certificate. Being an American is an honor and is something to be proud of. Here, everyone has a choice in what religion to believe in, what to eat, and what to do. People even have the right to choose who should be this great nation s leader. Here, people are given opportunities in every corner, and this freedom was achieved because thousands of men and women were willing to give their lives, in one way or another, in order for us to live the way we do today. An American takes the democratic government presented as an opportunity to help the United States strive for an even greater future; an American also gives back to the nation, serves in any way they possibly can, and an American acknowledges the history behind the success of this nation. A person cannot say that they are a true American if they don t know the history of the nation. The past is what has provided the present and has changed th e future. The history of this nation is so rich. Our flag has so much more meaning to it. Each shape and color has some kind of significant symbol. The stripes on the flag symbolize the thirteen colonies and the stars represent the fifty states. There are so many stories behind every square foot of land this country has to offer. People do not realize it, but America has gone through so much to become the nation it is today. A true American is excited to learn moreShow MoreRelatedFreedom Is For The Braves873 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom is for the Braves Being an American means more than just a section filled out on a person’s birth certificate. Being an American is an honor and is something to be proud of. Here, everyone has a choice in what religion to believe in, what to eat, and what to do. People even have the right to choose who should be this great nation s leader. Here, people are given opportunities in every corner, and this freedom was achieved because thousands of men and women were willing to give their livesRead MoreBrave New World and Individual Freedom785 Words   |  4 Pagesto individual freedom? â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability.† -- The motto that shapes and defines the entire civilized world. Civilians like Lenina believe that the motto has given them their individual freedom. â€Å"I am free. Free to have the most wonderful time. Everybodys happy nowadays.† (Page 79) Ironically, Huxley was trying to convey the exact opposite message. The motto really speaks of a heavy price paid -- freedom in exchange for collective happiness. Freedom to feel, freedom of identity,Read MoreAldous Huxley s Brave New World Freedom1236 Words   |  5 Pages If given the choice to live a life of either freedom or oppression, most would choose freedom. However, in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New world freedom is an option none of his characters possess. 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In the young country of Eritrea, the road to freedom and its modern day reality exhibitsRead MoreAnalyzing Structure And Point Of View1494 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Structure and Point of View In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley basically divided the novel into three parts. The first part is to introduce an imagined future in which everything is unconventional. He gave us details for the fertilizing room and the world was built based on the ideas on Community, Identity, and Stability. The second part is to plunge the readers into the Brave New World and to give the view of different characters in the book, for example the ideal citizens Henry FosterRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley919 Words   |  4 Pages In Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, the social boundaries that we have today regarding sex does not exist, families are obsolete as citizens are made in Bokanovsky’s Process (one that does not require sex meaning, the need for parents is gone), and the government conditions their citizens from early ages to keep stability throughout its regime. Brave New World follows protagonist Bernard (and his hidden love for nature and struggle for freedom) through this society, revealing all of it’s gloryRead MoreEssay on Brave New World: A Society of False Happiness1663 Words   |  7 Pagesis a dystopia. Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is in 26th century England. With the help of advanced technology and drugs, happiness fills the lives of the people living at that time period. But, the people are missing out on one of the most important feelings of life. That is sorrow or unhappiness. The society in Brave New World is very different from modern-day society; many aspects of life are removed such as family, monogamy, and religion. The citizens of Brave New World live in false happinessRead MoreThe Social and Political Attitudes of Brave New World1373 Words   |  6 Pagesyou adapt with no freedom of thought, speech, or happiness in general? In the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, there are many different attitudes portrayed with the purpose to make the reader think of the possible changes in our society and how they co uld affect its people. Brave New World is an unsettling, loveless and even sinister place. This is because Huxley endows his ideal society with features calculated to alienate his audience. Typically, reading Brave New World elicits theRead MoreEssay on Imagine a Brave New World1255 Words   |  6 Pages Imagine a Brave New World  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Imagine living in a world without mothers and fathers, a place in which all those around you are human clones with no personality, a vast array of people that are not seen as individuals but a social body. This society results from the absence of spirituality and family, the obsession with physical pleasure, and the misuse of technology. The society described above, becomes a reality in A Brave New World, a novel depicting how the advancement ofRead MoreBrave New World And 1984 By Aldous Huxley And George Orwell994 Words   |  4 Pagesto demonstrate the gloomy outcomes of power-hungry totalitarian governments in their novels Brave New World and 1984. Orwell, in 1984, fabricates the â€Å"Party† as a communistic, autocratic bureaucracy that ensures their control over their populace through unscrupulous manipulation of history and ubiquitous espionage that gives them complete control over every individual’s thoughts and feelings. Huxley, in Brave New World, establishes a government that safeguards social stability and maximizes â€Å"happiness†

Essay on Inequalities as Portrayed in the Media a Gender...

Inequalities as Portrayed in the Media: A Gender Analysis Media plays a big role in conventional Canadian society. It is becoming more and more influential and a bigger part of everyone’s daily lives. Since the invention and spread of the use of the printing press in the mid fifteen-hundreds, societies have been able to produce mass quantities of information available to the general public. Books were printed and made available to a large audience, replacing word of mouth communication about a society’s existence. Since then, various other forms of mass media have been created; including, radio networks, television programs, mass produced magazines, music and advertising. These are all examples of media that Canadians are exposed to†¦show more content†¦It will argue that inequalities exist between men and women within society, and this is enforced through the communicated messages sent via media. It will take the standpoint that gender equality in the media would mean an equal representation of both sexes with a diversity of male and female roles. In the world of music there are many different niches and types of music. From country to jazz, to hip-hop to local ‘indie’ bands, the world of music seems to have something for an endless variety of tastes and likings. When looking at music to assess gender inequalities, I will then focus on so-called ‘top hits’ in order to assure that the songs chosen have reached a large crowd, therefore influencing more people. Last year, the well known G-Unit member 50-Cent added another top hit to the charts. His song ‘Just a Little Bit’ managed to be on the Top 100 songs of 2006, not to mention his achievements previous years with songs such as ‘Candy Shop’ and ‘In Da Club’ (Rolling Stone, 2007). The bottom line here is that 50-Cent is a well known rapper reaching many mainstream music listeners, especially the young. When taking a look at his lyrics to the song titled ‘Just a Little Bit’, the way in which women are portrayed and sung about is purely sexual. The song starts off with pretty much telling female listeners to ‘shake that thing’ for maleShow MoreRelatedThe Exploration Of Feminist Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagestheory is based on the common ideology of feminism within the Communication world. Illustrating gender inequality the feminist theory analysis into the social fields of politics, business, media platforms, and social normalities. Research traditions include socio-psychology and semiotics due to the cause and effect relationships that help create social standards while also the symbolic forms of media that influence how people perceive and view women. The epistemology foundation used in this theoryRead MoreThe Media Is A Mirror Of Society, And If That Society Is1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe media is a mirror of society, and if that society is by any means influenced by stereotypes, the media will reflect it. Advertising, according to Erving Goffman, author of the book Gender Advertising, depicts how men and women behave as a social purpose and how today’s social purpose is highly unbalanced in men’s favor. Some people say that advertisers should be held accountable for the unethical images they present. Others, however, say that consumers should be to blame because by buying theRead MoreGender And The Media By Rosalind Gill1596 Words   |  7 Pages Book Review of Gender an d the Media by Rosalind Gill Gender and the Media by Rosalind Gill addresses gender stereotypes that are brought onto women and men through the media resulting in objectification and subjectification. 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It is all about the representation of phenomenally rapid change: change’s in gender relation transformations in media technologies, regulatory frameworks, content ownership and theoretical revolutions in the approaches used to make sense of gender representations. Gender and media aims to freeze the frame, press the pause button, or hit the refresh key to construct that how media shows social stereotypes. There are many advertisementsRead MoreMedia s Influence On Gender Relations And Sexuality1230 Words   |  5 PagesHistorically, media represented gender and sexuality in the way that matched the dominant public view and mirrors the evolution of gender-related biases and stereotypes and views on sexuality. In the course of time, gender relations and sexuality evolved and changed and all these changes fou nd their reflection in mass media (Bonvillain, 1995, 210). 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The social class that you are born into will influence your outlook on social class and will also be the social class you stay in (Loewen, 1995. 322). Your social class will determine the opportunities available for you including health, fitness, nutrition, education, SAT scores, medical resources and more (Loewen, 1995. 321-322). Loewen also proposes that the education system in America does not incorporate a proper analysis of our social class (LoewenRead MoreThe Image Of Parenting889 Words   |  4 Pagesparenting portrayed in films nowadays contrast the existing feature of parenting. In the 19th century fathers in Europe and North America were expected to be family patriarchs and stern moral teachers, 20th century fathers have been relatively uninvolved in the daily routines of family life (Coltrane, 1996). Most western cultures has been remarkably brought changes in gender role by modernization and globalization. Globalization at its peak is tied with media and film is a vital media technologyRead MoreA Brief History And Analysis Of Portrayal Of Women Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesHistory and Analysis of the Portrayal of Women in Magazines Throughout history women have been depicted and treated as an inferior to the male all aspects of life. It is without debate, that to this day, like many other countries, the United States of America is a patriarchal society, valuing men over women and using various tactics to oppress women by constructing gender roles. These gender roles are thrust upon people before birth and are reinforced through society within the media. This object

Management of Industrial Relations Between Australia and Neighboring C

Question: Discuss about the Management of Industrial Relations Between Australia and Neighboring Countries. Answer: Introduction Industrial Relations (IR) is probably characterized because the methods by means of which the exceptional premiums required inside the labor market are perfect, essentially with the end goal of handling work relationships. IR is collectivist and pluralist in point of view. It's far involved with the relationships which emerge at and out of the work environment (i.e., relationships between person laborers, the relationships amongst them and their boss, the relationships groups and experts have with the institutions fashioned to strengthen and guard their precise benefits, and the relations among the ones associations, at all ranges). Present day family members moreover includes the procedures thru which these relationships are communicated, (as an example, combination bartering; laborer affiliation in primary leadership; and criticism and debate agreement), and the management of contention between corporations, specialists and exchange unions, whilst it emerges (Colvin, 2016, pg. 1) Those relationships and processes are impacted by way of the management and its businesses through strategies, laws, foundations and applications, and by the more tremendous political, social, financial, mechanical and social traits of each state. The IR strategy, valid and institutional shape in a specific country is produced through bipartite consultative strategies (i.e., among bosses and professional delegates, and by means of them, independently, with government) and tripartite discussion and collaboration together with the social accomplices and the government (Harry Michelle, 2011, pg.5). IR results are a progression of standards which practice to work, placing down least (and their) wages and phrases and states of work for workers. Those commercial enterprise conditions can cowl hours of labor, go away, getting ready, give up of business and so on, and additionally issues diagnosed with word related well-being and wellness, government controlled savings once in a while), and situations applying to unusual classifications of laborers. Industrial Relations in Britain The fundamental method of reasoning for mediation is three-way - initially, the privilege of those included and influenced by choices in the marketplace to take part in settling business relationship issues; second, the capacity of flexibility of affiliation and aggregate haggling in reviewing the adjustment of authority between labor and capital. Third, to anticipate labor misuse, e.g., kid labor. The relative "adjust" between the part of market strengths and mediating IR courses of action in managing business relationships will change between nations. Britain is an industrialist economy and separated from a mutual dialect, their protected and political (pluralist) family is normal and as (Lixin 2015, pg. 74) notes 'they have a tendency to work under single-gathering governments and still share a solitary head of state'. Be that as it may, reflecting element factors, for example, their unconventional social majority rule structures and conventions, each has built up its one of a kind approach and institutional instruments to dealing with the work relationship amongst Capital and Labor and the characteristic relations of energy and class. None of every country state's framework is settled, creating a long-standing academic interest. Furthermore, Britain has comparable histories including comparative examples of financial improvement and labor market direction. Amid the 1970s the nation was influenced in comparable routes through adjustment in the worldwide economy and amid the 1980s the nation chose labor regimes which presented market arranged changes. Regardless of these similarities, it seemed to adopt altogether different strategies to labor market change in the next ten years. The Labor Party went to a collective settlement, called the Accord, with the Council of Trade Unions (Regalia, 2017, pg. 350) In the Accord, adjustments in modern affairs were slow and occurred inside the current foundations of modern affairs. Interestingly, Britain at first shunned a meeting with the trade union and presented a progression of essential amendments in strategy of modern relations. The high-water characteristic of this dissimilarity was drafted afterwards. although the Accord accomplices were seeking after 'overseen decentralization in the course of honor rebuilding, the recently chosen National government presented proposition that were to shape the premise of the Employment Contracts Act (ECA). This obvious dissimilarity in approaches to modern affairs, in the nation with comparative political histories and comparatively influenced by fluctuations in the worldwide financial system, made the circumstances for the improvement of a lively and perceptive comparative literature Industrial Relations in New Zealand Towards the finishing of the nineteenth century, New Zealand presented an inventive arrangement of mechanical clash determination. For the most part known as necessary pacification and discretion, focal state association by methods for the Arbitration Court or the successors thereof remained a focal element of modern relations direction for a large portion of the previous century. Intriguingly, toward the begin of the 21st century, the labor law administrations of both nations by and by can be seen as living laboratories of social change. The requirement for labor law change was initially enunciated amid the 1980s (Colvin 2016, pg. 8) The requirement for the expulsion of rigidness in the labor market appeared to be the regular side effect of deregulation in the monetary and budgetary circles. The general point then was to lift global intensity. Intriguingly, the political influence of the officeholder government appeared of little result at the time. In this manner, New Zealand set out upon its way of industrial relations change under a Labor government. While the preservationist (Liberal/National) coalition of John Howard without a doubt has taken labor law change higher than ever, the primary (hesitant) strides towards change were taken by the progressive Labor organizations. The shape and degree of progress, together with the way of its presentation, were especially influenced by the ideological influence of the political party in charge at the pertinent time (Lixin, 2015, pg. 100). These concepts likewise characterize the elements and obligations of the gatherings, completely and on the complete (e.g., by endorsement; labor understandings; selections by using referees and courts; and project paintings policies). IR procedures or courses of action have generally been communicated through the individual business relationship and aggregate dealing, and have a meditative capacity (Colvin, 2016, pg. 20). State mediation into modern relations stepped forward with the decision of the some regimes (Seifert, 2015, pg. 740). Drawing on the lessons of the earlier decade the legislature received an arrangement approach enlivened by free market belief systems. This submitted the legislature to enhancing the supply side execution of the economy through tight money related control, deregulation of monetary markets, adjusted spending plans, the deserting of controls over costs, salaries and capital developments, and the arrival of state-claimed enterprises to private proprietorship and administration. Industrial Relations in Australia Keeping in mind the end goal to comprehend the Australian experience it is first important to take a look at the verifiable setting in which the deregulatory labor approaches authorized over the 1990s came to be a noteworthy component in the administration's arrangement program. For a great part of the present century, trade unions and managers occupied with working environment transactions over wages and conditions with little reference to the law or outsider mediation have set the industrial relations framework in Australia apart. The presence and activities of trade unions were shielded by statutory invulnerability from common law torts. Managers were not legitimately obliged to perceive or consult with trade unions, and the state had few forces to mediate in modern debate shy of pronouncing a highly sensitive situation. Laws in connection to specialists' rights were constrained to setting wellbeing and security measures and least pay rates in working environments where aggregate haggling was truant. To put it plainly, the framework was willful, with a solid accentuation on negligible government mediation into procedures of aggregate bartering amongst managers and trade unions at the level of the firm (Regalia, 2017, pg. 367). This framework started to change amid the 1970s, when a scope of statutory rights was passed in connection to expulsion sees, measure up to pay, repetition remuneration and uncalled for rejections. Government mediation in each of these regions was incompletely a reaction to a framework where informal strikes, inflationary wage episodes, prohibitive work rehearses and harming sorted out mechanical activity in the engine, steel, coal mining and ship-building enterprises were being reprimanded for Australias coming up short of monetary execution. Trade union insusceptibility from common indictment came in for extraordinary feedback for apparently meeting sorted out labor with "over the top" power in working environment bartering relationships. This provoked the government to present the Industrial Relations Act in as a method for building up a lawful system in which these relations could happen (Judy et al, 2017, pg. 22). After wild resistance from trade unions and some imperative divisions of industry, the Labor Government canceled the Act, and the Employment Protection Act (Lixin, 2015, pg. 265) replaced it a few years later. This Act gave a road through which trade unions could compel bosses to remember them as real dealing operators. Comparison of Australia with Britain New Zealand Before specifying what Australian lawmakers may gain from the British and New Zealand encounters it is valuable to finish this piece of the survey by looking at the labor market results accomplished in every nation. In this manner, one might say that, for each situation, two particular justifications charged the middle of everyone's attention in political contentions used to legitimize the sanctioning of new labor enactment. The initially attested that quickly changing financial conditions required an adaptable labor market, with the essential methods for accomplishing this being the usage of strategies to move dealing forms over wages and conditions nearer to the shop floor. The second stated that any move towards an adaptable labor market through this road would bring down the level of unemployment and raise the profitability execution of the national economy. The Employment Act likewise gave a component through which arguments about pay and conditions could be passed on for discretion and restricting honor settlements. These measures were supplemented by a corporate style Social Contract amongst government and unions. This at last demonstrated unsuccessful in decreasing aggressor trade union conduct, which crested over the supposed 'winter of discontent' in 1979 (Ledwith, 2012, pg. 350). The confirmation recommends that the labor markets in both nations have turned out to be more adaptable. In both nations, the capacity of firms to fluctuate the measure of labor they use by changing the quantity of individuals utilized has expanded. This is recommended by the quick-recorded increments in the level of low maintenance, easygoing and impermanent types of business, and in addition in the developing rate of independent work since the enactment looked into has been set up. It is additionally demonstrated in the expanded capacity of managers to shift the measure of labor utilized through changes in the quantity of hours worked and the scope of assignments representatives are relied upon to perform. There has likewise been a generous decrease in requirements set on the foundation of work contracts and on the capacity of administrators to expel representatives. The factual proof moreover recommends that wage adaptability in both nations has developed with the reduced signific ance of aggregate dealing (Lixin, 2015, pg. 309). Conclusion From the above evaluation it is clear there are many impacts past the extent of open arrangement that have contributed as of late to the decrease in trade union enrollment and levels of strike activity, and in addition to the decentralization of work environment dealing procedures and sort results these procedures deliver. It is similarly evident that mechanical relations enactment can affect how these improvements unfurl. To elaborate on what can be gained from British and New Zealand encounter it is first valuable to differentiate the distinctions in the substance and effect of their labor laws. The primary distinction is that Britain's administrative changes were basically coordinated towards undermining the energy of trade unions by constraining the legitimate extent of mechanical activity and making them more responsible to their enrollments. New Zealand enactment also constrained the legitimate extent of modern activity, yet was primarily gone for destroying the institutional systems that upheld concentrated procedures of aggregate bartering. The second contrast is that the British changes were instituted over a generous time allotment, dissimilar to the New Zealand changes, the most critical of which were contained in a solitary Act. The third distinction is that the administrative changes go in New Zealand had a much more unavoidable effect in changing the current modern relations framework than the changes go in Britain-this is so notwithstanding when non-authoritative impacts are considered. The last distinction is that the British changes served to build the level of state mediation in the procedures of modern relations, while the New Zealand changes added up to a virtual withdraw of state association around there. An imperative piece of this motivation was the sanctioning of enactment to decrease the energy of trade unions and to change existing labor laws as a method for uncovering the labor market all the more completely to the rigors of market strengths. Bibliography Colvin, A., 2016. Conflict and Employment Relations in the Individual Rights Era. Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations, 22, pp.1-30. Harry J. Van Buren III, Michelle Greenwood, 2011. Bringing stakeholder theory to industrial relations. Employee Relations, 33(1), pp.5-21. Judy McGregor, Shayn Graham Davis, Lynne Giddings, Judith Pringle, 2017. Pursuing equal pay: The perspectives of female engineers and potential policy interventions. Journal of Industrial Relations, 59(1), pp.22-24. Ledwith, S., 2012. Outside, inside: gender work in industrial relations. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 31(4), pp.340-58. Ling Yuan, Yue Yu, Jian Li, Lutao Ning, 2014. Occupational commitment, industrial relations and turnover intention: Empirical evidence from China. Chinese Management Studies, 8(1), pp.66-84. Lixin Cai, A.L., 2015. Wage differentials between immigrants and the native-born in Australia. International Journal of Manpower, 36(3), pp.74-396. Regalia, I., 2017. Labour regulation in small firms: In search of a more comprehensive employment/industrial relations paradigm. Employee Relations, 39(3), pp.335-50. Seifert, R., 2015. Big bangs and cold wars: The British industrial relations tradition after Donovan (1965-2015). Employee Relations, 37(6), pp.746-60.

Europeans In Pursuit Of Capitalism In New free essay sample

England Essay, Research Paper Europeans in Pursuit of Capitalism in New England Indian and European people had many cultural differences doing both civilizations to collide. The two civilizations besides had different beliefs in footings of land use and trade goods. The European reaching had an tremendous impact on the ecosystem, which every bit good affected the lives of the Indians. The Indians were used to being nomadic in footings of their manner of life as opposed to the European settlers, they were used to settling in one topographic point and were besides really mercenary. On the other manus, the Indians merely possessed what they needed and did non hold luxuries like the settlers. The Indians of New England did non believe in land ownership because they moved from one location to another, depending on seasonal alterations. The Indians were non greedy over the land ; they merely planted harvests and hunted animate beings for endurance. We will write a custom essay sample on Europeans In Pursuit Of Capitalism In New or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cronon points out that # 8220 ; Indian small towns moved from home ground to habitat to happen maximal copiousness through minimum work, and so cut down their impact on the land, the English believed in and needed permanent settlements. # 8221 ; ( p.53 ) Once the land in which they cultivated their harvests lost its birthrate they migrated to another location seeking land with fertile dirt because the Indians wouldn # 8217 ; t overwhelm the land. New England had an copiousness of natural resources such as lumber, animate beings, harvests, H2O, and fish. Therefore, they did non misapply or blow their resources ; they used everything sagely. They hunted merely every bit needed or depending on how good the hunting season went, but they neer accumulated the animate beings. American indians traded carnal pelts for knives, maulerss, and other metal goods with the Europeans. European settlers # 8217 ; reaching had a enormous impact on the ecology of New England. When the Europeans arrived to New England they saw the copiousness of natural resources that there was and began overstating when describing back to their people, they would state that there was an infinite sum of resources to promote more people to come to New England. Europeans were am azed by the copiousness that there was and began overpowering the land and hunting in surplus to their demands, and destructing the woods for agricultural usage. Europeans besides believed that if they stayed in a piece of land for a certain sum of clip they became the proprietors of it and since the Indians depended much on mobility the Europeans began to take over the land. The settlers created fencings as boundary lines between landscapes overhauling the land with industrialism. Cronon besides implies that, â€Å"There are jobs with animate beings eating harvests which is solved partially by fences.† They besides used fencings to forestall animate beings from intruding to another owner’s land. Cronon # 8217 ; s deductions are that # 8220 ; by incorporating New England ecosystems an finally planetary capitalist economic system, settlers and Indians together began a dynamic alteration which had in no manner ended by the 1800s. We live their bequest today. # 8221 ; ( p. 170 ) By this Cronon implies that the people ( no affair what group ) have changed and modernized the land in which we live in. Besides, no affair in what epoch we are in, there will ever be alterations, but these alterations of industrialism have brought us many effects such as: diseases, air pollution, H2O pollution, ozone bed depletion, planetary heating, and over-developed populations in certain countries. These effects have been of consequence from the legion changes done to the land. It is for a fact that the European people got what they wanted, a capitalistic and industrialised economic system. But the achievements of holding capitalist economy have caused much pandemonium and devastation to this land. There has been so much over usage and maltreatment to the resources we have that they are now scarce and will shortly be really limited. We must be careful and wise of how we use our resources because of the changes that we have made to the land throughout the old ages have caused terrible harm to its ecosystem. Therefore, we must make something about these things or we will be nil left of the land in 100 old ages ; nil lasts everlastingly! Bibliography Changes in the land, William Cronon

Nursing Care and Management for Elderly Patient Sample for Students

Questions: 1.Identify and Prioritise the Most Important Nursing Care Issues for a Client2. Identify the Influences Impacting on the Older Person and their level of Function and Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Cycle as the tool to drive the Process of Identifying and Assessing, Implementing and Evaluating Care. Answer: 1.Introduction Risk of geriatric syndromes, functional decline, and chronic illness, are a threat to older adults' well being. 43% of Medicare beneficiaries report having more than three chronic conditions including heart disease, cancer, and arthritis (Federal Interagency Forum on Age Related Statistics, 2010). Reports from surveys also indicate that 42% of persons above 65years of age live with a functional limitation. In one study, the results showed that one or multiple geriatric syndromes are reported in 25% of the older population (Lee, Cigolle Blaum, 2008). Additionally, older adults spend less of their time communicating and socializing as they advance in age (Federal Interagency Forum on Age Related Statistics, 2010). This results in an accumulation of the functional decline and interaction impairments which exacerbates the person's vulnerability (Innouye, Studenski, Tinetti, Kuchel, 2007). This report will analyze the functional consequences in relation to Barbra's current medical situa tion (Hunter, 2016) and utilize clinical reasoning to map a plan toward her wellness and recovery (Levett-Jones, 2013). Patient's Description Name: Barbra Green Age: 89 Years Marital Status: Widow Barbara experiences joint stiffness; enlarged joints and swollen feet; pain in joints especially the back, hip, fingers, and knee; limited movement on the joints; constipation; dry macular degeneration; occasional dizziness; constipation, and weight loss. Her functionality has deteriorated which has resulted in decreased social functioning, poor living conditions, and also poor eating habits. She is likely to be non-adherent to her medications. The age related changes include the visual deficit due to dry macular degeneration (Boyd, 2017) and constipation (Schuster, Kosar, Kamrul, 2015). The risk factors include poor diet, use of some specific multiple medication (polypharmacy) and diminished physical activity which are known causes of constipation among the elderly (Neri, Basilisco, Corazziari, 2014). Caucasians are at a higher risk of macular degeneration than Hispanics or Africans (National Eye Institute, 2016) Poor diet and failure to exercise also causes fast progression of early macular degeneration. The negative consequences of the symptoms the patient is experiencing include social isolation and difficulty in performing activities of daily living Information Cues Barbara lives in a one-story building. The joint pains especially on her knees have limited her movement and it is likely that she avoids climbing the stairs in her house which may be an unkempt house. The fact that she has a vision deficit and has stopped driving means that shopping trips to the grocery store are limited or none, especially because of the existing pains on her joints that discourage her to walk. The patient also expressed her loneliness because of the loss of her husband and also her lost contact with friends at the German Association. Information Process Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is common in women than in men who are 45 years and above. The disease occurs when bone cartilage wears and tears and in severe cases, it leaves bones which friction against each other. The symptoms include: mild to acute pain in the joints as well as stiffness of joints. It affects the neck, low back, hands, weight bearing joints such as feet, hips, and knees (Antipuesto, 2010). Constipation: This is a common challenge among elderly persons with prevalence differing with settings (hospital or community). Among the population that is 65years and above and living in a community, 16% of men and 26% of women suffer from constipation (Gallegos-Orozco, Foxx-Orenstein, Sterler, Stoa, 2012). For persons that are 84 years and above, the rtes increase to 26% and 34% for men and women respectively. For patients in long term care, the rate increases by 80% (Fleming Wade, 2010) Vision Deficit: Macular degeneration that is age related occurs when the retinal macular is damaged resulting in loss of central vision but the peripheral vision remains normal. Dry macular degeneration is as a result of some parts of the macula getting thinner and drusen grows (Boyd, 2017). Assessment and Interventions Osteoarthritis Assessment Aching pain that is deep and which is more pronounced after exercise or weight bearing; pain is relieved by rest Joint deformity or swelling Joint stiffness that lasts Heberdens nodes on interphalangeal distal joints and Bouchards nodes on interphalangeal proximal joints. Diagnosis Chronic pain linked to deterioration of joints. Diagnostic Evaluation X-rays show sclerosis and narrowing of joint space in affected joints Radionuclide imaging shows increased uptake in the bones that are affected. Analysis of synovial fluid shows difference in osteoathritic and rheumatoid joints. Interventions Involved joints should be rested. Patient advised to avoid pain precipitating activities. Relieve stiffness and pain using heat applications Teach the patient body mechanics and posture that is correct Patient advised to relieve cervical pain by sleeping with a terry cloth that is rolled under the neck. When indicated, provide patient with cane, braes, or crutches, to minimize weight bearing stress on knees and hips. Advise patient to wear metatarsal support and corrective shoes. Teach patient simple motion exercises for joint mobility Assessment Patient should give an accurate symptoms history. Symptoms of constipation in the elderly include: abdominal pain, urinary retention, loss of appetite and nausea, overflow diarrhoea, and confusion. The risk factors include polypharmacy, alteration in fluid and nutritional intake, pre-existing diseases such as degenerative disease that affect functional and mobility status, difficulty in accessing washroom facilities (Gandel, Straus, Bundookwala, 2013) Intervention Patients should also be offered education and advice on managing their constipation. Simple lifestyle changes, such as an increase in fluid intake, regular exercise and fiber-rich food may be effective in managing constipation (Gandel, et al., 2013) Macular Degeneration Assessment Blurred vision Visual field has central blind spot Nursing Diagnosis visual impairment poor health maintenance due to lack of knowledge Injury risk due to poor vision Deficit in self care due to poor vision Nursing Management Once patient has a photodynamic therapy (PDT) session, she will be advised to avoid direct exposure to sunlight or any bright light for five days Watkins, (2010) 2.SMART GOAL Barbara will be able to walk short distances (which will be increased with time) without experiencing discomfort and pain. The distance will be increased by 300meters every week. The walks will serve as part of her exercise routine and will help with alleviating joint stiffens as well as constipation Barbara will be able to carry out her daily life activities with no assistance including preparing her own meals. Barbara will regain lost weight Taking Action A daily routine timetable will be created which will indicate what activates to do every hour of the day. The time table will include time allocation for short walks and reminders on when to sip on water and/or other fluids. It will also show the times that Barbara needs to take her medication. Barbara will need to purchase a 1Liter water/juice bottle. She will be required to fill it twice a day with water and after she is through sipping it, she will need to fill it with blended fruit juice. The 1l of juice and 1lof water need to be taken on a daily basis. Home safety: Request Tracy to help in rearranging the furniture in Barbra's house to create more clear pathways to avoid any incidences of injury. Limit use of area rugs. Have the window curtains pulled all the way back to create more light. Get a talking clock. Place things that Barbara uses regularly in the same place: toothbrush, slippers, keys, shoes etc. Evaluation Barbara is able to take short walks on a daily basis. She can walk up and down the stairs in her house without any pain discomfort. She is able to do daily living activities with no assistance. Her house is tidier and her refrigerator and kitchen cabinets are a reflection of healthier cooking and eating. Barbara reports no dizziness and constipation. She has gained 1-2 kg in 4-6 weeks. Reflection I have a clearer understanding on the need to include regular exercising and healthy eating habits in one's daily routine starting at an early age. By eating well and exercising, age related complications such as osteoarthritis, macular degeneration, and constipation are delayed. The next time I will enter appointment reminders in Barbara's mobile phone to ensure she comes in for checkups. I will also add a column in the timetable where the patient will need to put a star(s) after each activity to indicate her adherence. The timetable will also have incentives for each task completed. In addition, I should have given Tracy a copy of Barbara's timetable so that she can monitor Barbara's progress during her daily calls. Conclusion The care of elderly patients with osteoarthritis, macular degeneration, and constipation can be effectively done through lifestyle changes. The patient in this case was a widow who was living alone and had disconnected herself socially. The social isolation had resulted in poor eating habits causing her to lose weight, exacerbate her vision deficit, report slight dizziness spells, and constipation. By encouraging the patient to engage in regular exercises and healthier eating which includes daily intake of water and fiber rich fluids, the patient will be able to carry out her daily activities with minimal discomfort. She will also be able to return to her social life and reduce or completely eliminate feelings of loneliness and depression. Health promoting lifestyles including socializing, should be adopted at an early age to avoid late life complications such as discussed in this report. References Antipuesto, J.D (2010). Osteoathritis. https://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/medical-surgical-nursing/osteoarthritis/ Accessed: 03rd April, 2017 Boyd, K (2017). What is Macular Degeneration? American Academy of Opthamology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/amd-macular-degeneration. Accessed: 03rd April 2017 Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics.Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics.Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; Jul, 2010. Older Americans 2010: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Fleming V, Wade WE. A review of laxative therapies for treatment of chronic constipation in older adults.Am J Geriatr Pharmacother.2010;8(6):51450Gallegos-Orozco JF, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Sterler SM, Stoa JM. Chronic constipation in the elderly.Am J Gastroenterol.2012;107(1):1825.Epub 2011 Oct 11 Gandell D, Straus SE, Bundookwala M, Tsui V, Alibhai SM. Treatment of constipation in older people.CMAJ.2013;185(8):66370.Epub 2013 Jan 28. Hunter, S. (Ed). (2016). Millers nursing for wellness in older adults (2 nd Australia and New Zealand ed.) North Ryde, NSW: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Innouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA. (2007). Geriatric syndromes: Clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept.Journal of American Geriatrics Society.;55(5):780791. Lee PG, Cigolle C, Blaum C. (2009)The co-occurrence of chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes: The health and retirement study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.57(3):511516. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013). Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. National Eye Institute (2016). Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration. https://nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/armd_facts. Accessed: 03rd April, 2017. Neri L, Basilisco G, Corazziari E.(2014) Constipation severity is associated with productivity losses and healthcare utilization in patients with chronic constipation. United European Gastroenterol J. 2:13847. Schuster, B. G., Kosar, L., Kamrul, R. (2015). Constipation in older adults: Stepwise approach to keep things moving.Canadian Family Physician,61(2), 152158. Watkins, S (2010). Management of older people with dry and wet age-related macular degeneration. DOI: 10.7748/nop2010.06.22.5.21.c7793

The Pursuit of Love The Portrayal of Women in The Joy Luck Club and “A Rose for Emily Essay Example

The Pursuit of Love: The Portrayal of Women in The Joy Luck Club and â€Å"A Rose for Emily Essay Stories about women are often in relation to love and family relationship. It is undeniable that women take these things seriously. As a woman, I fully understand their significance. Love is our hope and brings us emotional satisfaction; family is the source of our affection and protection. Different women have different standards for these two things. Furthermore, each has her own way of seeking both ideal love and ideal family relationship.   In the chapter â€Å"Two Kinds,† from The Joy Luck Club, and in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Amy Tan and William Faulkner show us, respectively, their female characters’ inner selves and how they deal with problems of love and family relationship. This essay will show the similarities and the differences between these female characters’ personalities and their attitudes toward love and family relationship. â€Å"The Joy Luck Club is a novel about the conflict between immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters as a result of both the generation gap and cultural differences. â€Å"Two Kinds† describes the struggle between a mother (Suyuan) and her daughter (Jing-Mei) over Jing-Mei’s autonomy. Suyuan is a domineering woman who wants her daughter to be perfect in every way. For example, when Jing-Mei is a child, Suyuan forces her to practice piano, even though Jing-Mei doesn’t want to play. Jing-Mei cannot abide her mother’s dominance and decides she doesn’t want to be controlled by her anymore. As a result, a barrier between mother and daughter is formed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Love: The Portrayal of Women in The Joy Luck Club and â€Å"A Rose for Emily specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Love: The Portrayal of Women in The Joy Luck Club and â€Å"A Rose for Emily specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Pursuit of Love: The Portrayal of Women in The Joy Luck Club and â€Å"A Rose for Emily specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Emily has been isolated from the community by her father since she was young. He chases away prospective suitors when she comes of age to marry. Hence, Emily gets used to being alone. After her father’s death, she continues to isolate herself in the family home, until she meets Homer. Emily falls in love with him, and the townsfolk believes they will get married. However, one day Homer disappears, and Emily goes back into her life of solitude. Moreover, the townspeople report a strange odor coming from her mansion. Only when Emily dies, as on old woman, does the town discover Homer’s body hidden in her house. What they see indicates that Emily had been sleeping with the body. In both stories, the authors portray the effects of extreme domination of parents over their children. However, Jing-Mei and Emily react very differently. Jing-Mei is disobedient. She hates being controlled by her mother, and therefore chooses to rebel against her directly. She argues with her mother about autonomy. She thinks her mother is too traditional, as she wants her daughter to be an obedient Chinese woman. â€Å"I didn’t have to do what my mother said anymore. I wasn’t her slave.   This wasn’t China† (140). On the contrary, Emily is relatively obedient. Indeed, one might see her obedience as helplessness. She actually hates her father’s domineering behavior; however, she can do nothing to change him, so she suffers in silence and accepts his rules. In the past, the status of women was inferior. Traditionally, young women had to obey their parents absolutely in both in Eastern and Western culture. Obedient daughters were considered perfect daughters, and perfect daughters received more love from their parents. As for Jing-Mei and Emily, even though they come from different traditions and live in different periods of history, they are dealing with the same problem: the traditional mindset of their parents. Tan utilizes a modern girl’s complaint about her traditional mother’s high expectations to illustrate the problem of family relationship. Her message is that between parents and children there should not be dominance and obedience, but good communication. Otherwise, the family can be torn apart. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Faulkner also examines the effects of parental domination over a daughter. Because of her father’s irrational rules, Emily becomes isolated from society. As a result of growing up in such unusual and unhealthy circumstances, she becomes eccentric, and is unable to join society even after her father dies. Eventually, her anti-social behavior leads to gruesome, if not criminal, circumstances. Both Faulkner and Tan, then, attempt to tell us the importance of maintaining good and healthy relationship between parents and children. Otherwise, as in the case of Jing-Mei, mother and daughter can be torn apart. Or, as in Emily’s case, darker and far more disturbing events can come to pass. Both authors also show their female characters’ attitude toward love. Despite Emily’s isolation, love plays an important role in her life, as is seen in her encounter with Homer.   Love brings her out from her father’s shadow and leads her to find happiness. â€Å"Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in a yellow wheeled buggy and matched team of bays from the livery stable† (109). However, love is also what causes her to fall into a deep depression and, as is intimated, kill her lover. Emily’s attitude toward love is willful. Although the townspeople think that Emily’s relationship with Homer is a disgrace, since a Grierson should not marry a Northerner, Emily ignores their opinion. At the end of the story, we are told that Homer was killed by Emily and that his body was kept in her house. Because of this, we can see Emily’s attitude toward love is obstinate, even terrible. The author does not tel l us how Homer’s dies, but perhaps there was some argument between him and Emily. Although Emily could not keep Homer’s heart, she chooses to keep his body. Tan’s book also portrays love. However, this is not romantic love, but the love between mother and daughter. Suyuan’s love for Jing-Mei is also a representation of willfulness. Contrary to Emily’s father, however, Suyuan’s control over her daughter is not based on her selfishness; what she does to her daughter is because of love. She does many things for Jing-Mei; for instance, she works for her neighbor in order to give Jing-Mei an opportunity to learn piano. Moreover, she doesn’t mind acting like a â€Å"bad† mother in front of her daughter. She forces her daughter to play piano although she knows she will hate her for it. In my opinion, Suyuan and Emily are similar.   Both are subjective about love. Although they want to give their best to the one they love, they don’t know how to effectively achieve their goals. Their starting point is undoubtedly heartfelt. However, they implement their plans blindly, not recognizing the negative effects their actions have on the very people they love. The authors of these two stories show us two different forms of love. Indeed, the qualities of these loves are different, but the meaning is the same: Love is not unilateral but interactive. In fact, most women live for other people: the people whom they love. Some spend their whole lives for their family while others devote their entire lives to their lovers. Women always place others before themselves. With â€Å"Two Kinds† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† we are shown different problems for women concerning family relationship and love. Tan and Faulkner describe their ideas through their female characters. Although the stories’ backgrounds are different, we can recognize the similar problems of the women characters. In addition, these two stories also imply that good communication is required for maintaining love and healthy family relationship.